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What were the main arguments and outcomes of the court cases Arthur HAMM, Jr., Petitioner, v. CITY OF ROCK HILL and Frank James LUPPER et al., Petitioners, v. STATE OF ARKANSAS

The court cases Arthur HAMM, Jr., Petitioner, v. CITY OF ROCK HILL and Frank James LUPPER et al., Petitioners, v. STATE OF ARKANSAS, were both related to the Civil Rights Movement and the issue of segregation in the United States.

In Hamm v. City of Rock Hill, a group of African Americans, including petitioner Arthur Hamm, were arrested and convicted of trespassing for participating in a sit-in protest at a McCrory's five-and-dime store in Rock Hill, South Carolina. The protesters had refused to leave the store's lunch counter when asked, and were charged with trespassing in violation of state and local laws. The case made its way to the Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of Hamm and the other protesters, stating that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 abated state prosecutions for trespass against sit-in protesters.

In Lupper v. Arkansas, a group of African Americans entered the department store of Gus Blass Company in Little Rock, Arkansas, and were refused service at the lunch counter. The group was arrested and charged with trespassing, and their case made its way to the Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited prosecution of any person for seeking service in a covered establishment because of their race or color.

Both cases were significant in the fight against segregation and discrimination, and helped to pave the way for further civil rights legislation and activism in the United States.

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