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What is the difference between the standards of review in TOT v. United States and United States v. Delia, and how do these differences impact the outcome of each case?

**Unconstitutionally Vague**: The Supreme Court ruled in Tot v.

United States that the statute prohibiting the importation of opium was unconstitutionally vague, establishing the principle that criminal statutes must be clear and unambiguous.

**Importation of Opium**: In Tot v.

United States, the statute prohibited the importation of opium, except under Treasury regulations, which further forbade the importation of smoking opium.

**Concealing Opium**: The statute made it an offense to knowingly conceal opium illegally imported, which led to the prosecution of the defendant in Tot v.

United States.

**Federal Firearms Act**: In United States v.

Delia, the case involved a conviction under the Federal Firearms Act, which prohibited the possession of firearms by individuals convicted of a crime of violence.

**Crimes of Violence**: The defendant in United States v.

Delia had been previously convicted of two crimes of violence, a burglary and an assault, which led to the charge of receiving a firearm transported in interstate commerce.

**Reversal of Conviction**: The Supreme Court reversed the conviction in Tot v.

United States, establishing a precedent for the requirement of clear and unambiguous language in criminal statutes.

**Supreme Court Ruling**: In Tot v.

United States, the Supreme Court ruled 8-0 in favor of the defendant, establishing a significant precedent for criminal law.

**Jury Instructions**: In United States v.

Delia, the court's jury instructions were crucial in determining the defendant's guilt, highlighting the importance of clear instructions in criminal trials.

**Statutory Interpretation**: The Supreme Court's ruling in Tot v.

United States emphasized the importance of statutory interpretation, ensuring that criminal statutes are clear and unambiguous to prevent subjective interpretations.

**Constitutional Protection**: The Tot v.

United States case protected the defendant's constitutional right to due process, ensuring that criminal laws are clear and unambiguous to prevent unfair prosecutions.

**Lower Court Ruling**: In United States v.

Delia, the lower court's ruling was reversed by the Supreme Court, highlighting the importance of appellate review in ensuring justice.

**Precedent-Setting**: The Tot v.

United States and United States v.

Delia cases set important precedents for criminal law, emphasizing the need for clear and unambiguous language in criminal statutes to prevent subjective interpretations and unfair prosecutions.

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